Last Product Purchased Essay

Relationship Reading Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Relationship Reading Project 2 - Essay Example The perfect outcome expected of a marriage is ‘to stream together harmoniously’ from the day they get married and make the vow of common devotion. They attempt to locate a shared objective, and they regard the objectives of one another. The glad couples build up a discover feeling of expectation and know about the relevant desires for the accomplice. They store the basic data about the accomplice and style their reactions likewise to deal with the little and large wants of the accomplice. They attempt to sustain shared dreams and co-work in every single imaginable approaches to satisfy them. To empower them to locate a genial arrangement in the zones of contentions like, evenhanded conveyance of the family unit errands, the board if youngsters, family spending plan and ventures, air with precious ones, relations, and the difficult issues like, drinking, medications and smoking, extra-conjugal relations and such, this â€Å"Love Lab† is the test spot. Gottmanâ€⠄¢s first end is stunning. He affirms that that there are no cheerful couples, as there are no enduring enthusiastic connections without constant conflict.(p.2) He attests that there is something genuinely off-base about the couples that have no interminable subjects to battle and tackle with. Credible relationship and enthusiastic separation are not the elective pulsates of a similar heart. There is an issue with such hearts. Enthusiastic separation is the most noticeably terrible thing that can occur in a relationship, particularly marriage. Dr. Gottman watches, â€Å"In reality, I am presently ready to foresee whether a couple will remain cheerfully together or lose their direction. I can make this expectation in the wake of tuning in to the couple collaborates in our Love Lab for as meager as five minutes!†(p.2) His examination research facility has ended up being the change place to several couple whose marriage has been going through a dangerous stage. A couple resemble two Public Relations Managers working for one foundation who have equivalent forces. The name

Startup Hubs Around The World Boston

Startup Hubs Around The World Boston When considering a list of startup hub cities in the United States, most people can come up with Silicon Valley or New York. Rarely, however, is Boston, MA on the list. Among startups, it is a well-kept secret that Boston has been quietly collecting the pieces it needs to establish itself as an entrepreneur’s dream location. © Shutterstock.com | Richard CavalleriTo find out what is attracting startups to the Massachusetts city; we’ll explore 1) the location, 2) tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors,  5) local resources, 6) specialization, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONNestled in the northeast corner of the United States, Boston is not only the largest city in Massachusetts, it’s the capital. As one of the oldest cities in the US, Boston has a long history of being in the middle of the action and nothing about that seems to have changed.Geographical BenefitsFrom its earliest days, Boston has been a manufacturing hub and port (the famed Boston Tea Party was hosted in the harbor), as well as a cultural center and education headquarters. The geographical benefits for selecting Boston as home have not changed much in the last 200 years. As the United States’ third most populated city, Boston still claims the title of being among the best cities to live in.Adding to the reasons why Boston consistently ranks high for livability is their dedication to green spaces. As one of the top three cities for park systems in the US, there are established parks (including the oldest park in the nation) that are dotted throughout the city. These parks provide opportunities for weekend recreation, as well as much needed distraction during the day. © Wikimedia commoms | Justin H. PetrosekSituated between rivers, the Boston peninsula has expanded into the surrounding countryside. The city’s location in the north provides for a mild climate: winters hover in the low 30’s (F) and summers remain in the mid 70’s (F). The city, however, is famous for rain, snow and fog, requiring an adjustment to the wildly varying weather patterns. For entrepreneurs though, the weather is easy to overlook when taking all of the other benefits of the city into account.Advantages of choosing the cityWithin the city is a network of services that all contribute to the desirability of moving to Boston for a startup. Logan Airport is the city’s international airport and is surrounded by several smaller, municipal airports throughout the city. The easy access to air travel means that entrepreneurs and investors have direct flights around the world. An intricate network of roads is available for vehicles, although the roads do not follow a planned structure, making it difficult to navigate for those unfamiliar with the city. With the fifth highest rate of public transportation being used in the city, there is a well-developed system of trains, buses, subways and water shuttles. Additionally, in spite of being named one of the worst cities in the US for bicycling, Boston has one of the highest rates of commuting via bicycle. The presence of established transportation options adds to the list of advantages that Boston possess.The Boston area is also home to some of the most famous universities in the country: Boston University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brandeis University, and Harvard University. Claiming over 100 colleges and universities, higher education draws students, employers, researchers and innovators to the area. Due to the high number of colleges in the area, there are also a large number of hospital and healthcare facilities â€" the majority of them associated with a medical school.Cultural opportu nities are equally as accessible: Boston has produced musical groups in a variety of genres from contemporary classic, hardcore punk, classical and opera. Festivals, historic re-enactments and other activities are prevalent through the year and offer residents and tourists ways to experience the best of Boston. For the entrepreneur, these events add to the reasons why moving (and staying) in Boston is an attractive option.Bostons startup scene catching up to Silicon Valley? TAX INCENTIVESThere are a variety of tax incentives available to the entrepreneur who is establishing a startup in Boston.One of the most impressive incentive packages is the Life Sciences Initiative (LSI). The LSI program is a $1 billion dollar list of incentives that are available to companies working in the biotechnical life sciences industries. To take advantage of these incentives, a company must apply to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center and become a Certified Life Science Company. Within this initiat ive are nine incentives: an exemption for construction sales tax, a deduction for clinical testing of orphan drugs and a sales tax exemption among them. © MassBioEarly stage companies can take advantage of the Life Sciences Accelerator with financing of up to $750,000 available for early stage companies. This additional capital can provide a means to leverage funds for establishing a successful startup. Companies that have reached the next phase of business development are eligible for small business matching grants through the LSI program as well.Through the state of Massachusetts, there are tax credits available for research and development companies, manufacturing companies and for companies that are located in specific areas. These credits benefit companies that set up in ‘Gateway Communities”, and hire at least 100 employees. Companies that are involved in research and development can apply for a tax credit of up to 15% for costs related to research that is based in the universities.LEGAL INCENTIVESAlong with the tax incentives that are available for Boston startups, there are some legal incentives for startups. Boston has assembled resource centers specifically designed with the startup in mind. These facilities offer more than office space, they offer support and encouragement. Typically well very thought out, these enterprise zones can accommodate flexible environments, co-working spaces, equipment and resources. Much needed support structures for startups are essential to the future successes of the company, and Boston wants to do everything it can to continue to encourage growth in this area. Financial advice, legal information and startup necessities can generally be found in these centrally located zones.Through community events, workshops and specific events for entrepreneurs, the startup founder never needs to feel as though they are alone, experiencing problems that no one else has. There is a sense of community within the groups and camaraderie among those who venture into the world of entrepreneurship.Legal specialists provide startups information about the tax incentives, as well as the l egal incentives available to them. Understanding the specific legal requirements of the City of Boston is essential for anyone who hopes to navigate the work of game and intrigue. This is why it is advisable to contact a legal professional to ensure that all of the necessary documents are filed, the process of setting up the business has been handled correctly and any other important issues have been completed.INVESTORSBoston seems to be at the top of several lists: best place to live, worst biking city, number of park places. Yet another factor in the incentive to use Boston as a startup is this list: Leading Venture Capital Cities. Boston is ranked number three in the United States for venture capital funding, controlling almost 12% of funding in the nation. Changes in the economy have led to a new reality in the area of venture funding. As a result, Boston has consistently increased the amount of funding they offer, while the rest of the United States as decreased the amount of f unding available. Venture capital firms recently tripled the amount of capital they have available to help startups, making more money available to invest within the city of Boston.Investors typically prefer to invest their money in companies that are local to them, so generating more funds for venture capital means that more money can be funneled back into the startups of Boston. This cycle of investment and ROI is beneficial, not only to the startups, but to the overall community. Developing a sense of innovation and excitement within Boston helps to drive entrepreneurship to new heights and help to generate interest in starting a new company.The ecosystem within Boston is thriving. A healthy amount of funding being funneled into entrepreneurs who are being innovative and exciting, which in turn produces opportunity for the entrepreneur to feed back into their community by becoming an investor.LOCAL RESOURCESWithin the city of Boston, there are established resources that can help make the jump from startup to success.   Due to the fact that Boston has such a high number of colleges and universities, the population seems to be in a constant state of turnover.   It can be difficult for companies to maintain consistency and almost impossible for new entrepreneurs to know about the available support structure.   Plugging in to the almost two dozen meet-ups that occur weekly and monthly through the city can be a great way to connect to other entrepreneurs, as well as learn valuable skills in navigating the startup road.The sheer number of students available is another resource that Boston entrepreneurs can take advantage of.   A young, vibrant and innovative workforce is ready and willing to work.   They are educated, up to date with the latest tech products and methods and genuinely excited to have the opportunity to work on a new startup.Co-working spaces and incubators are easily accessible and provide another avenue of support for entrepreneurs. The entrepren eur in Boston will not have to recreate the wheel; there is a network of support and resources already in place and ready to help the new startup succeed.Another primary resource in Boston is the city itself.   The rich history of the city, as well as the (relatively) moderate weather patterns and the livability of Boston make it attractive as a home base, offering cultural and social opportunities that generate interest for living in or around the city.SPECIALIZATIONBoston is quickly becoming known for its tech startups, and has a history of successful companies to add to its repertoire. Facebook had its beginnings within the Boston city limits, as well as Zipcar and TripAdvisor.Boston’s Innovation District, an area that is undergoing revitalization, was developed expressly for the purpose of bringing startup entrepreneurs to Boston’s shores. Approximately 1,000 acres of workshops and factories have been converted and remodeled in hopes to bring development to the area. Interes tingly, most places develop a name after the location is developed. The Innovation District, however, was named by the Mayor of Boston who was hoping to draw attention and entrepreneurs to the spot â€" based on the name he created. His efforts are working â€" new startups are moving into the district on a regular basis. Within the district, the city holds a MassChallenge, an annual competition for startups located in the Innovation District. The winners of these challenges can receive money, free space in an office for up to a year and other incentives to remain in the District.With so many buildings outdated and in need of repair, winning a competition like the MassChallenge and receiving free rent would be a pivotal moment in a company’s life. Even trying to get reliable internet signal is in peril, and some entrepreneurs have begun to offer internet to their neighbors at low prices. There is a sense of collaboration among the startups, making it easy to share ideas, technology and office space.Another area that Boston seems to be developing is in the field of medical sciences. Surrounded by teaching hospitals, universities and other health care services, it is not surprising that one of Boston’s strongest specializations is in the health field. Apps that share pictures of medical procedures and results among doctors, fitness apps that help motivate and educate, companies that track medical information such as fevers and other symptoms are all being developed in the city.While the tech startups are exciting and innovative, startups are not confined to the tech side. Entrepreneurs are moving to Boston to begin a micro-brewery, work in the fashion industry and other industries. The rich environment of Boston ensures that startups of every kind are welcome and have the resources they need to be successful and competitive.Boston An Entrepreneurs Wonderland STARTUPS TO WATCHRunkeeper: A new mobile fitness app, Runkeeper is the latest in personal fitness tool s to emerge from Boston. This user friendly app tracks your walking, running and other fitness activities providing you real-time information about your workout. Recently touted by Mark Zuckenberg, founder of another Boston startup company (you may have heard of it, Facebook?), as one of the promising new startups, Runkeeper can be synched with the newly released smartwatches.Rethink Robotics: Designed to help move America into a more competitive position among manufacturing companies, Rethink Robotics is developing affordable robots that can work with humans performing automated tasks. Baxter, their first robot, can unpack boxes, put boxes on conveyor belts and inspect and test parts. Ultimately, Rethink Robotics wants to develop the technology that will allow the robot to communicate with other devices and manufacturing equipment.Mystery Envelope: Determined to take the mundane out of the mailbox, Mystery Envelope is the brain child of three friends who have a background in innova tion and design. The monthly subscription service offers users a monthly surprise in the form of a mystery envelope. The envelope is packed with thematic surprises, specifically selected by the entrepreneurs to bring joy and happiness into an otherwise boring day.Plastiq: Thanks to modern technology, an increasing number of companies are accepting credit card sales in the most unlikely of places. It is becoming more common to go to craft shows, flea markets or roadside produce stands that accept plastic payment. The founders of Plastiq, however, want to make accepting credit card sales the norm for non-traditional venues such as government services, tuition payments and rent. The use of Plastiq eliminates the need for these companies to develop the infrastructure they’d need to accept online payments, making it accessible to everyone.Mobee: A new take on using technology to collect information in the retail marketplace, Mobee is a form of mystery shopping. Users are assigned missi ons to perform in specific store locations and are paid in the form of gift cards or cash. The information they gather is then reported back to the company for a ‘bird’s eye view’ of what really happens in their company.Whats Your Take on Bostons Young Entrepreneur Community? The northern city of Boston has much to offer the entrepreneur â€" no matter which stage of business the startup is currently at. From the earliest beginning to the possibility of IPOs, there is support and funding and a team of people who are committed to their vision. Governmental support for the entrepreneur is strong, and there is a concerted effort to encourage innovation and design in the startup. Image credit:  Wikimedia commoms | Justin H. Petrosek under Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic,  MassBio.

Easy Guide to Making Lesson Plans for Adult Students

Its not difficult to design lesson plans for adult education. Every good course design begins with a needs assessment. Before you design a lesson plan, its vital that you complete this assessment and you understand what your students need and what your objectives are for the course. As with any gathering of people, it’s good to begin your class at the beginning and address who is there, why they’ve gathered, what they hope to accomplish, and how they’ll accomplish it. Follow these easy steps for designing adult lesson plans, and see how effective you can be. Welcome and Introduction Build in 30 to 60 minutes at the opening of your class to conduct introductions and review your objectives and agenda. Your beginning will look something like this: Greet participants as they arrive.Introduce yourself and ask participants to do the same, giving their name and sharing what they expect to learn from the class. This is a good time to include an icebreaker that loosens people up and makes them feel comfortable sharing.Try a fun classroom introduction for the first day of school.Write their expectations on a flip chart or whiteboard.State the objectives of the course, explaining why certain expectations on the list either will or won’t be met.Review the agenda.Review housekeeping items: where the restrooms are, when the scheduled breaks are, that people are responsible for themselves and should take a restroom break early if they need one. Remember, you’re teaching adults. Module Design Divide your material into 50-minute modules. Each module will contain a warmup, a short lecture or presentation, an activity, and a debriefing, followed by a break. At the top of each page in your teacher’s guide, note the time needed for each section and the corresponding page in the student’s workbook. Warmup Warmups are short exercises—five minutes or shorter—that get people thinking about the topic you are about to cover. These brief activities can be a game or simply a question you pose. Self-assessments make good warmups. So do icebreakers. For example, if you’re teaching learning-styles, a learning-style assessment would be a perfect war up. Lecture Keep your lecture to 20 minutes or less if possible. Present your information in full, but remember that adults generally stop retaining information after about 20 minutes. They will listen with understanding for 90 minutes, but with retention for only 20. If you’re preparing a participant/student workbook, include a copy of the primary learning points of your lecture and any slides you’re planning to use. It’s good for students to take notes, but if they have to furiously write everything, down, you’re going to lose them. Activity Design an activity that gives your students an opportunity to practice what they just learned. Activities that involve breaking into small groups to complete a task or to discuss an issue are good ways to keep adults engaged and moving. This is also a perfect opportunity for them to share the life experience and wisdom they bring to the classroom. Include opportunities to take advantage of this wealth of relevant information. Activities can be personal assessments or reflections that are worked on quietly and independently. Alternatively, they can be games, role play, or small-group discussions. Choose your activity based on what you know about your students and on the content of your class. If you are teaching a hands-on skill, hands-on practice is a great option. If you are teaching a writing skill, a quiet writing activity may be the best choice.   Debriefing After an activity, it’s important to bring the group back together and have a general discussion about what students learned during the activity. Ask for volunteers to share their reactions. Ask for questions. This is your chance to ensure the material was understood. Allow five minutes for this activity. It doesn’t take long unless you discover that learning hasn’t happened. Take a 10-Minute Break Get adult students up and moving every hour. This takes a bite out of your available time, but it will be well worth it because your students will be far more attentive when the class is in session, and you’ll have fewer interruptions from people who have to excuse themselves. Tip: Manage Class Time Wisely While breaks are important, it’s crucial that you manage them well and begin again precisely on time, regardless of stragglers, or chatter will get carried away. Students will learn quickly that class begins when you said it will, and you’ll gain the respect of the entire group. Evaluation End your courses with a short evaluation to determine whether your students found the learning valuable. The emphasis is on brief here. If your evaluation is too long, students wont take the time to complete it. Ask a few important questions: Were your expectations of this course met?What would you have liked to learn that you didnt?What was the most helpful thing you learned?Would you recommend this class to a friend?Please share comments about any aspect of the day. This is just an example. Choose questions that are relevant to your topic. You are looking for answers that will help you improve your course in the future.

The American Revolution - 999 Words

The American Revolution was undeniably the most pivotal time period in respect to United States History, but who was really to blame for initiating the conflict? While both the British politicians and American colonists shared the blame for the kindling of the revolution, one party was certainly more at fault than the other: the British. Through short-term causes of taxation and incommodious trade acts, and long-term causes of salutary neglect and involvement in the burdensome French Indian War, the British politicians proved to ultimately be the most responsible for igniting the Revolutionary War. The long-term causes of the war, salutary neglect and involvement in the French Indian War, worked hand in hand and proved to be arguably the most influential of American independence. The term â€Å"salutary neglect† refers to the unofficial policy that Britain had with the colonists in the 17th 18th centuries: British laws were not enforced in the colonies, so Americans learned to care for and govern themselves. This was especially prevalent when governing bodies like the House of Burgesses in Virginia were created as a means of government. But as the colonists adapted to live on their own, certain ideas became widespread throughout the land; these ideas in turn led to The Great Awakening and The Enlightenment. In The Great Awakening, colonists began to split from the Church of England and form their own Christian denominations as a revival of religion swept the colonies.Show MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries startedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution863 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different views on how the American Revolution came to be and how it actually was. One way is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. Then on the other hand bef ore the revolutionary war occurred when the colonists were being over controlled by the British, then in result of the American Revolution the colonists were able to win against the British and become strongerRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.† - John Adams, 1818 This quote means that the revolution actually took place metaphorically before the actually fighting began. It took place in the emotions and thoughts of the Americans. The Road to Revolution After the Seven Years’ War created a financial problem for Britain The British tried to shoulder some of the financial responsibilities onto the Americas in the form of variousRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominanceRead MoreThe American Revolution. The American Revolution Started1581 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution The American Revolution started when King George the 3rd decided to make the American Colonies pay a large amount of money for the debt of the French and Indian War by giving the colonist different types of taxes like the Sugar Act in 1764. The sugar Act of 1764 was a British Law that was passed on April 5, 1764, that collected incomes from the 13 colonies. The act put a huge tax on the sugar and molasses that were imported into the colonies which were a huge impact for theRead MoreThe American Revolution1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution was much more than an insurrection against British tariffs and patronage decree. Rather, it was a bureaucratic catastrophe in which colonists from the thirteen American colonies denied the British sovereignty, eradicated the jurisdiction of Great Britain and established the United States of America. The upheaval was a primitive modern revolution in which generality traversed for liberty in the statute of law, constitutional privilege and supremacy. Ensuing years of contentionRead MoreThe American Revolution993 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of the American Revolution is a topic that has been discussed on multiple levels and is extremely well-known, especially within the United States. The details are a little on the generic and basic side but it is at least understood on some level. Most people are aware of the American standpoint, the what, why, how, and when, but there is much more depth to what occurred. The war was obviously between the Americas and the Mother country of Britain, but there were more than just those twoRead MoreThe American Revolution889 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was one of the most vital events in American History lasting form 1775 to 1783, it effected the nation socially, economically and politically. The American Revolution brought upon many changes in America, and freedom of the nation. The Revolutionary War was a stepping stone to what we are as a nation today, it c reated both short and long-term effects on the world. When wanting to blame a certain side, the British politicians or the American agitators, several key points lead

Making Decisions Free Essays

Decision-making is a complex process that evolves under the influence of a variety of factors. One of them is perception that defines the decisions made. Individuals do not come to the process of making decisions as tabula rasa, with minds as blank slates that are ready to be written upon. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, their perceptions affect decisions, leading to perceptive â€Å"shortcuts† when judging others and shaping ethical or moral decisions. One of the most salient ways in which individual perception can impact an organization’s behavior is selective perception in which people â€Å"actively screen-out information that we do not think is salient† (Wikipedia, 2006). To illustrate the above claim, a person convinced that environmental worries are just the result of hyper-activism of ecological organizations may prove to be more prone to cast aside considerations of environmental impact. This can also be seen as an example of wishful thinking and optimism in which people â€Å"tend to want to see things in a positive light and this can distort our perception and thinking† (Wikipedia, 2006). When judging other people, many humans are prone to use perceptive ‘shortcuts’ to pass the verdict on the person without careful exploration of the individual’s background. These shortcuts can surface, for instance, in a job interview in which the candidate can be judged based on association with other candidates. One cannot rule out a situation when a person from a specific country or locality will be discarded as a previous employee from the same background had failed expectations. The same is true for assessment of employees’ performance and evaluation of employee effort. From some employees, greater output will be expected simply by virtue of their background. In fact, perception will be influenced by three important factors: â€Å"target, perceiver, and situation† (University of Washington). The usage of shortcuts can include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effect, stereotyping, and projection (University of Washington).   The above scenario of the failed job interview is an example of projection when people are judged based on association with someone of similar background, although they do not necessarily share all qualities with this person. Stereotyping occurs when ready-made templates are applied to all representatives of a class such as race, ethnicity, faith etc. The halo effect, on the contrary, attributes positive features to an individual because this person has other achievements. One who is a good professional can be assumed to be also good in a managerial role, and vice versa. The contrast effect makes an individual seem more appealing or promising when contrasted with people who lack similar qualities. For instance, in an organization that lacks talented sales managers, a person with mediocre abilities can make oneself stand out from the crowd more easily. There is hardly a positive effect from such biased decision-making concerning individuals since it leads to hasty and often faulty generalizations. Moreover, bringing prejudice, whether negative or positive, to the evaluation of the individual or initiative inevitably reduces the potential of decision-makers to recognize the objective reality and deal with it. Ideally, decision-making should occur according to effective rational models involving adequate evaluation of the situation, setting objective criteria for the assessment of decisions, and rational choice of objectives stemming from these criteria. The only advantage of shortcuts is that they save time on careful exploration of reality and can provide the decision-maker with a â€Å"quick-and-dirty† estimate of what one is dealing with. This speed, however, comes at the cost of quality of decisions. In real-world organization, decisions are made by Decision Makers whose activities are strongly shaped by perception. This is illustrated by an example in which a person wants a new program approved in order to resolve an existing problem. The resolution of the problem can be formulated as a convincing value proposition, but this proposition is not going to work unless the Decision Maker really perceives the existence of a problem. Thus, the installation of a new computer system for improved data processing will not be approved by a top executive until this business professional is really convinced of the fact that the current system is inadequate. Dove (n.d.) also states that â€Å"once there is a perception of a problem, then the â€Å"satisficing† behavior defined by Herbert Simon comes into play: people aren’t apt to go too far outside their current concepts, notions or ideas when presented with alternatives†. Engagement in â€Å"satisficing† behavior tends to limit the options available for the resolution of problems. Perceptions also have an influence on ethical decision-making. Despite attempts to order ethical values and codify them in Codes of Ethics accepted in many organizations, everyday decisions remain governed by subjective factors. Relying on internal set of moral values, the decision maker actively draws on this inventory preparing the most serious decisions. For example, someone believing in the immorality of discrimination in the workplace may feel more willing to promote diversity and hire candidates with different backgrounds. A company executive with a strong Christian background and a corresponding set of ethical values may resist, for example, the introduction of a new publication with frivolous content in a media company. Ethical values and perceptions heavily influence our view of what is right and what is wrong, affecting individual’s readiness to embrace certain policies and initiatives. Perception is the cornerstone of decision-making. In many ways, it represents the irrational, subjective element that complements the usage of rational models. Despite all efforts to ground decisions in well-though out criteria, perception will continue to play an important role in decision-making. Consideration of perception mechanisms is therefore important for anyone willing to exert influence on the process. References Dove, R. (n.d.). Value Propositioning: Perception and Misperception in Decision Making. Retrieved June 14, 2006, from http://www.parshift.com/ValueProp/VPBook1.htm Washington University. (n.d.). Perception and Individual Decision Making. Retrieved June 14, 2006 Wikipedia. (2006). Decision-making. Retrieved June 14, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making ; How to cite Making Decisions, Essay examples Making Decisions Free Essays Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Tiara Jones Strayer University Dr. Mumeka ECON 550 July 25, 2013 Introduction In this assignment I will be discussing the consideration of Domino’s Pizza entering the market place in the Washington DC’s Georgetown community. I selected this area because it is highly populated with tourists that may want to grab a quick bite to eat while shopping and touring the area and the local upper class working singles that often don’t have time to cook after a long day at work. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have conducted research and gathered information forecasting the demand for this business based n population, household income and other pizza establishments in this area along with the average cost for pizza. Based on the research and demand analysis we should be able to determine if it would be in the best interest of the Domino’s Pizza Company to establish an operation in this community. Mission Domino’s Pizza cares about its customers and the quality of its products (Domincfs Pizza, LLC). Therefore, our mission is to feel the void by establishing a Domino’s Pizza Company in an atmosphere where the supply is low and the demand is high. To serve delicious pizza in an outstanding atmosphere and to ensure that the ommunity’s demand for pizza is not only met by providing day delivery and dine in services but to provide late night delivery and dine in services as well. It’s the company’s mission to sustain a competitive advantage over other pizza companies in the area and to expand the communitys population. In addition, Domino’s Pizza Company will strive to make a positive impact on the community by ensuring all services are prompt, friendly and professional and its employees by providing and maintaining a respectful, positive and professional work environment. Community Georgetown is currently one of the oldest neighborhoods in Washington, DC and served as a major port and commercial center during the colonial times because of its prime location on the Potomac River. Today, Georgetown is a vibrant community with upscale shops, bars and restaurants along its cobblestone streets (Cooper, R). In addition, there are several hotels located within walking distance to the shopping, dining, entertainment and nightlife. The main streets of Georgetown are Wisconsin Ave and M Street which can be accessible by car or for metro rail riders via the DC Circulator bus from the Foggy Bottom, Rosslyn and DuPont Circle metro stations. The Foggy Bottom-GWU metro station, located on the blue and orange metro lines, is a short 1 5-minute walk from Georgetown. The Rosslyn and Virginia station, located on the blue and orange lines, is a short walk across the Key Bridge to Georgetown (Georgetown Business Improvement District, 2011). In Georgetown you can also find the main campus of Georgetown University where many students that attend the University choose to live or commute from other surrounding areas because of the expensive cost of living in the Georgetown area off campus. Due to the many shops, fine dining and other entertainment in the area, the income and cost of living is much higher more than your average neighborhood. Income and Population The latest data gathered for the Georgetown area reports a population of 13,880 in which the majority are single upper class and high income individuals. According to the Zillow Real Estate Network, there are three main types of people that reside in this area. The first type is the Power Single which is considered high income urban singles. These singles are known to be highly educated professionals, many with advanced degrees. They draw a handsome salary and have reasonable living expense while living a hip, upscale life in an urban center. The Zillow Real Estate Network considers the second type of people Making It Single. Making It Singles are known to be upper scale urban singles. These singles are pre-middle-age to middle- age singles with upper-scale incomes and may or may not own their own home. Most have college educations and are employed in mid-management professions. Lastly, there are the Multi-lingual Urbanities. Multi-lingual Urbanities Urban are classified as dwellers who speak more than one language. Some have a high school or college education, and they work in a variety of occupations and they are considered to have moderate to upper-scale earning potential (Zillow Real Estate Network, 2013). In addition, the median household income is reported at $88,665 with an average household size of 1. 9. Households with children are reportedly averaging 10. 3% and 89. 7% without children. The majority are single males averaging 27% followed by single females reportedly averaging 25. 3% with a median age of 39 for both male and female. According to the Zillow Real Estate Network, the average for singles alone is 48%. Following behind singles are married couples with a 39. 85% average, divorced individuals with a 7. 69% average and lastly, widowed individuals coming in at a 4. 75% average (Zillow Real Estate Network, 2013). Given the calculations for singles in this area there are more likely less home cooked meals and a high demand for takeout like Domino’s Pizza. Supply and Demand Within the Georgetown area there are currently 13 ditterent restaurants that serve pizza, 3 of which are higher priced, 5 with moderate prices and 5 which sale pizza at a cheaper price usually under $10 (Urbanspoon, 2013). The cost for higher and oderate priced pizza range from $8. 95 for a small plain pizza to $19. 00 for the maximum cost of a large specialty prepared pizza for dinning in or takeout. Cheaper priced pizza range between $3. 86 to $18 in which $3. 86 is for one slice and $18 is the maximum cost for a large specialty prepared pizza dinning in or takeout as well (Urbanspoon, 2013). Although individuals in the community have many options to choose from when it comes to pizza, there is only one Domino’s Pizza in the area. Therefore, demand to establish another Domino’s Pizza would be determined by the communitys preferences. Among those 13 establishments mentioned above there are 6 restaurants that deliver in which 5 of them offer late night deliver service after 12am. There are 8 restaurants that provide dine in services with only 2 of them offering late night dine in after 12am and 11 restaurants that offer takeout services (Yelp Inc. , 2013). Domino’s pizza is among those establishments that provide late nights deliver services up to 2am. However, the Domino’s takeout services are not provided after 10pm. With that said there is a demand to establish another Domino’s pizza that will provide takeout services beyond the hours of IOpm. This will not only enefit the residents in the area but it will also be beneficial to the nonresidents and party goers that would like to grab a bite to eat after taking part in the area’s late night entertainment. Short Term Goals As mentioned above, statistics show that Georgetown is an area that attracts a lot of tourists due to the shops, fine dining and entertainment. Not to mention that a large part of the population is single professionals. Therefore, the company’s short term goal would be to open a new establishment in the intersection of M Street and Wisconsin Ave NW two blocks from the current operation and to attract late night orking singles residing in the area and tourists by expanding the hours of operation until 3am for dine-in and takeout and 4am for delivery. Other short term goals would be to expand the menu for our single residents and tourists by offering more selections. Currently Domino’s pizza is known for their freshly prepared pizzas, wings, oven-roasted sandwiches and newly added pastas. The new establishment’s menu will be expanded to add personal pan pizzas and pizza served by the slice. That way those who are dining alone will not be limited to purchasing a whole pizza. Also aking in to consideration of our health conscious customers, other variables the company will be considering are salads and sub sandwiches. I chose salads and sub sandwiches because pizza can be heavy and fattening and when eating late at night customers may prefer something lighter. This new menu selection will help the company in the long run because â€Å"change can help a business stay current with industry trends, which can make it more attractive to potential customers as well as help maintain current customers† Ooseph, C). Long Term Goals The company’s long term goal is to receive 100% customer satisfaction by providing rompt, friendly and professional services during every encounter. Other long term goals of the company are to double revenue, become more profitable and grow the business brand by becoming and remaining number one amongst competitors. Domino’s Pizza Company would forever challenge competitors by embarking on an innovative concept that targets new customers as well as grow the current population. We expect the market to respond to the changes within the new establishment and for the business to grow rapidly in the next year. Overall the company’s goal is to create and maintain a reputation of excellence, consistency and ecure the company’s ability to provide delicious and freshly prepared foods while becoming the leader in the pizza industry. Marketing As mentioned above our goal is to become more profitable and sustain a competitive advantage over other pizza companies in the area. The company’s strategy to market the new establishment would be to create coupon books and send them by mail to all residents in the area and hand then out to individuals walking past the store. This book will feature our products at a discounted price and by one get one free deals. Coupons will also be offered online through the company’s web ite and given to customers with their purchases. In addition, the establishment will offer daily deals for delivery and takeout such a free drinks with the purchase of a personal pan pizza or sub sandwich, unlimited toppings on any size pizza, free wings with any purchase over $20 or 50 cent wings with a minimum purchase of 10. The company will also give customers the option to price match pizzas with any of our competitors. This will impact the company in the short run by increasing cash flow and profitability. Conclusion In conclusion, the overall concept of this paper was to determine why Domino’s Pizza Company should exercise the opportunity of opening a new establishment in my area. As mentioned, there are many places for the community to choose from when it comes to pizza. However, there is only one Domino’s. Information has been provided regarding the current Domino’s Pizza Company and other pizza places in the area such as their hours of operation and options for dining in or delivery. It has been determined that Domino’s Pizza Company will bring something to the community by offering some of the things that the current pizza companies in the area do not such as later hours for takeout, delivery and dine in. https://www.zillow.com/georgetown-washington-dc/ https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.urbanspoonhl=uk https://www.yelp.com/search?find_desc=24+hour+deliveryfind_loc=Jersey+City%2C+NJ http://www.georgetowninn.com/georgetown.aspx https://www.dominos.com/index.intl.html http://scs.georgetown.edu/about-scs/campus-life/getting-here/ http://smallbusiness.chron.com/positive-impacts-change-business-559.html https://www.zomato.com/melbourne/best-restaurants https://www.yelp.com/search?find_desc=Chinese+Deliveryfind_loc=Kennesaw%2C+GA https://www.zillow.com/georgetown-washington-dc/houses/ How to cite Making Decisions, Papers

Union and Non

In South Africa, especially in the union sectors, there is gender different in work place. There are also wage differences, which have a huge impact on the union member and workers. Moreover, the gender differences have impact on having different earnings. Other on the unions distribution of salary shows that different gender have a lower income comparing to the non –union sector (Casale Posel, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Union and Non-union Gender Difference specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, tit is evident that there is a big gap between men and women salary for those working in the union sector as compared to other employers of the non-union sector (Casale Posel, 2008). The estimating result that shows of this gap different between men and women in wages is due to the fact that there are internal problems within the organization, which affects the employee’s behaviors and ability to negotiate for higher positions and wages (Casale Posel, 2008). Union and nonunion employees enjoy job security, although union employees have more tenure eventually and have informational gain as compared to the nonunion workers. The collective bargaining power of union workers however, may be associated with differences in wages along gender lines. Besides, there is a form of contract employment where terms and conditions are stated explicitly while non-union worker enjoys extensive employment opportunities since they can terminate their work at will. Moreover, union workers make payments such as union dues, which cannot be negotiated. These differences in working conditions are associated with gender disparity in wage earning in various union and nonunion organizations. However, in the past, Unions have been associated with higher wages and for lessening gender disparity in the workplace. Unionized employees enjoy higher earnings than nonunion workers. All the same, th e average earning of females is lower than that of males in both the union and non-union employees. This difference in earning is attributed to the occupations that mare awarded to both genders traditionally. For instance, women are employed in the sales and service sector while men are in the professional managerial positions, thus a notable difference in earning for both genders. Women also have lower negotiation power and tend to be satisfied with the positions they have, as compared to men who tireless pursue higher ranks in the workforce (Card et al., 2004). In the Us, Canada and UK, this difference started in the 1980s and continued in 1990s, for union and non-union workers (Card et al., 2004)Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, there is a need to ask the question as to why women have a lower salary in different countries in the union and the non-union sectors. The r eason behind that is very clear; it is women, who don’t know how to ask or even negotiate for their salary. Besides, inside the organization, women don’t cultivate higher knowledge to find ways to achieve organizational change. In some cases, some women appears contented with the positions they have, and may feel so comfortable that they forget to ask for better and higher ones, which comes with higher wages. On the other hand, men have always wanted the best for their salary and therefore pursue higher positions by all means. Since the society is moving towards gender equality in the work culture there is a need for female employees to become aware of their rights through engaging in negotiations, which would eventually be reflected in their earnings (Babcock Laschever, 2007). References Babcock, L., Laschever, S. (2007). Women Don’t Ask: Negotiation And The Gender Divide. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Card, E. D., et al. (2004). Seeking a Premier Economy: The Economic Effects Of British Economic Reforms, 1980-2000. London: University of Chicago Press. Casale, D., Posel, D., (2008).‘Who Replies In Brackets And What Are The Implications For Earnings Estimates: An Analysis Of Earnings Data From South Africa’. Economic Research Southern Africa. This essay on Union and Non-union Gender Difference was written and submitted by user Audriana Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Affect Is (Usually) a Verb

Affect Is (Usually) a Verb Affect Is (Usually) a Verb Affect Is (Usually) a Verb By Maeve Maddox Before so much of the professional jargon of psychology found its way into the popular vocabulary, explaining the difference between affect and effect was a bit easier than it is now. One could state categorically, affect is a verb: The loss of his father affected him profoundly. How will the new mall affect the neighborhood? One would then explain that effect can be used as both noun and verb. As a noun, effect means the result of an action: What will be the effect of closing Main Street? (noun) Have you read The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon- Marigolds? (noun) As a verb, effect means to bring about, cause, accomplish: The new administration effected many changes in policy. (verb) The return to systematic phonics instruction effected the desired reading improvement within five years. (verb) Now, thanks to the use of the word affect as a noun by psychologists and psychiatrists, we must consider this defintion: affect (noun): Psychol. (and Psychiatry). A feeling or subjective experience accompanying a thought or action or occurring in response to a stimulus; an emotion, a mood. In later use also (usu. as a mass noun): the outward display of emotion or mood, as manifested by facial expression, posture, gestures, tone of voice, etc. Examples of affect used as a noun: The clinician observed the patients affect. When the picture of a dog was flashed on the screen, Mr. Smiths affect was sudden and violent. Bottom line: Its probably safe to say that in most everyday contexts, affect is used as a verb and effect is used as a noun. To decide which spelling you want, determine whether the word is being used as a noun or as a verb. If it is a noun (effect) it will probably have some kind of determiner or qualifier in front of it: the effect, an effect, some effect, any effect, the desired effect, etc. Make sure to check our post Affect vs. Effect for words related to those terms. Video Recap Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1Expanded and ExtendedHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

The Definition and Examples of Salutations

The Definition and Examples of Salutations At the beginning of a conversation, letter, email, or another form of communication, a salutation is a polite greeting, an expression of goodwill, or other sign of recognition. Also called a greeting. As Joachim Grzega points out in the article Hal, Hail, Hello, Hi: Greetings in English Language History, Salutation terms are an important part of a conversationthey tell the other I feel friendly toward you, and they are maybe the start of a longer conversation (Speech Acts in the History of English, 2008). EtymologyFrom the Latin, health Examples and Observations Theres more to the story, Alex announced. Trust me.Katie hadnt heard him come up, and she stood.Oh, hey, she said, blushing against her will.How are you? Alex asked.Good. She nodded, feeling a bit flustered.(Nicholas Sparks, Safe Haven. Hachette Book Group, 2010) J.D.: Greetings and salutations. You a Heather?Veronica Sawyer: No, Im a Veronica.(Christian Slater and Winona Ryder in Heathers, 1988) Cowboy: Howdy.Adam Kesher: Howdy to you.Cowboy: Beautiful evening.Adam Kesher: Yeah.(Monty Montgomery and Justin Theroux in Mulholland Dr., 2001) How Are You (Ya)?I bumped into an acquaintance. Hi Sally, I said. How are you? She  paused and then stopped and said hello and how was I and how were the children and it was manifestly obvious she couldnt remember my name.(Philip Hesketh,  How to Persuade and Influence People. Wiley, 2010)The phone rang. ONeil speaking.Howdy, Pat. Its Mac.Mac,  how are ya? I was just thinkin about ya. Great to hear from ya.(Jay Feldman,  Suitcase Sefton and the American Dream. Triumph Books, 2006)Listen to how [people] say, How are you? They dont really say, How are you? They say, How are ya? . . . How are ya? means Just say good, and walk away. I dont really want to know. Register that I asked, then proceed not to tell me.(Paul Reiser, Couplehood, 1995) How Ya Doin?Everyone seems friendly at first, everyone stops and asks, Hi, how ya doin? But after a while you realize that thats it, nothing ever follows up that Hi, how ya doin? And to answer that with anything less exuberant than, Pretty good, is a social outrage. The creed is to be bright, brisk and busy.(Upamanyu Chatterjee, English, August: An Indian Story. Faber and Faber, 1988)When you meet somebody at a post office, he or she says, How are you, how are you doing? At Laguna, people will stand there and theyll tell you how they are doing. At Laguna, its a way of interacting.(Leslie Marmon Silko, Yellow Woman. Simon and Schuster, 1997) Hey!Hey . . . is basically a synonym for  hia friendly greeting. Until fairly recently, it was confined to the American South.  The Dictionary of American Regional English  (DARE) cites a 1944 survey as reporting that  hey  is the common term of familiar salutation of children and young people in most of the South;  hello  seems to them either semiformal or archaic. On many northern and western campuses the term is  hi. . . .But not anymore. . . .  My sense is that among people under about 40 from all regions,  hey  for some time has been at least as popular as  hi,  and probably more so, and now seems completely unremarkable.(Ben Yagoda, ‘Hey’ Now. The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 6, 2016) Brief EncountersWhen persons accidentally encounter one another, it appears, they may be at liberty to confine their remarks to an exchange of greetings (Goffman 1953:485 points out that length of salutation may depend on the period that had elapsed since the last salutation and the period that seemed likely before the next; but a minimal exchange is possible); when there is a planned or intended encounter, more than a minimal pair is done.(Gene H. Lerner, Conversation Analysis: Studies From the First Generation. John Benjamins, 2004) Register and DialectSalutations in business letters (Dear Ms. Portillo, Dear Sirs) differ from those in personal letters (Hey Ashley, Dear Devon). Every textevery piece of natural languagerepresents characteristics of both its situation and its speaker or writer; every text is simultaneously register and dialect.(Edward Finegan, American English and Its Distinctiveness. Language in the USA: Themes for the Twenty-First Century, ed. by Edward Finegan and John R. Rickford. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Email GreetingsE-mail has changed the rules of engagement. The language of business is evolving. Our old dears are withering away, replaced in the top perch by hello, hi and hey. . . .Im fed up with people writing Hi Jean when theyve never met me, says etiquette guru Jean Broke-Smith.If youre sending a business e-mail you should begin Dear . . .like a letter. You are presenting yourself. Politeness and etiquette are essential. . . .But why are so many of us culling Dear . . . from our e-mails, even in the workplace? The simplest answer for its detractors is that it no longer says what it means, it feels cold and distant.(James Morgan, Should E-mails Open With Dear, Hi, or Hey? BBC News Magazine, Jan. 21, 2011) The Lighter Side of SalutationsWhat ho! I said.What ho! said Motty.What ho! What ho!What ho! What ho! What ho!After that it seemed rather difficult to go on with the conversation.(P.G. Wodehouse, My Man Jeeves, 1919)

Freedom of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Freedom of Religion - Essay Example The research paper investigates the stand of the judicial system of the US and the federal government in the interpretation of the free exercise clause when confronted with different aspects of the freedom of religion as enshrined in the US Constitution. The Free exercise clause explicitly prohibits the US government from interfering with the religious choice of each individual. The Clause also bars the US government from invading various religious practices that do not pose security threats to the country. The free exercise clause forbids the US government from forceful recruitment of citizens into particular fields believed to contradict individuals’ religious standing. The clause further allows individuals to make their own decisions and choices regarding the type of religions in which they desire to belong. The Supreme Court of the US applied the principles of the free exercise clause to grant the Amish community the request of terminating the education of their children a t the eighth grade of education. The Amish in their status felt satisfied and tended to derecognize the needs for furthering the education of their children. In this case, the Amish community was granted request on the basis of their religion, which deemed it unfair for states to sponsor their children’s education while they were economically stable. The Free Exercise Clause also accredits parents the right to choose and decide on the appropriate schools that comply with their individual religious beliefs.

Causes of war in Generals Die in Bed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Causes of war in Generals Die in Bed - Essay Example From this perspective, this essay will discuss how the causes of war are presented in Generals Die in Bed. The narrator says â€Å"We have learned who our enemies are – the lice, some of our officers, and Death† (Harrison 69). From where the officers are categorized they are by no means casual enemies of peace and, more importantly, not only within the military rankings. This is an implication that war has its original roots in political ideals and trickles down into the military for execution. For instance, the soldiers are given the controversial story about the sinking of the hospital ship Llandovery Castle by German soldiers, which court proceedings later proved otherwise. However, the controversy of the story politicized it, misleading the soldiers into thinking they were on a revenge mission. Further, when the narrator was sent to Britain after being wounded, a hospital orderly told him â€Å"that was bloody murder, brother. Our officers oughta be shot for that. She was carryin’ supplies and war material† (Harrison 48). Two aspects of the novel portray generals and, by extension politicians, as the perpetrators of war. The most notable one is the book’s title. Then, there is the ending where the narrator says â€Å"and when the war is done and youth stone dead, I’d toddle safely home and die - in bed† (Harrison 152). The implication here is that while generals strategize and send soldiers to war (ideally to war against the strategies of opposing generals and effectively the opposing young soldiers), they remain in the comfort of their homes. It is the soldiers who die in the trenches supposedly in a display of patriotism. However, the book’s titles as well as the ending are a statement that the war is in fact protecting the ideals of politicians through the military generals. This notion can still be viewed from the perspective of bureaucracy from the first chapter one day before

Cornelius Eadys Brutal Imagination Essay -- Cornelius Eady Poetry Bru

Cornelius Eady's Brutal Imagination While most fictional characters are given a voice with which to express themselves, that voice usually does not stray beyond their realm of fiction and therefore is restricted from the power of the real world. The imaginary black man that Susan Smith falsely claimed had abducted her children in 1994, however, existed in reality in the minds of the American public for nine days until the truth surfaced about her infanticide. Cornelius Eady’s poetry cycle, Brutal Imagination, serves to give that imaginary black man (hereafter referred to as Zero), a voice that draws power from his simultaneous existence in both the real and fictional realms. Zero’s voice serves to explain a variety of aspects of his existence, including assertions of his own innocence, criticisms of Susan Smith, explorations of his paradoxical nature, and social commentary regarding the notions of free will versus powerful exterior forces. Zero is the product of Susan Smith’s and Cornelius Eady’s imaginations, and therefore lacks his own capacity for free will. Eady, however, allows Zero the seeming capacity for free thought and opinion, and therefore the opinions expressed by the character will hereafter be declared to be those of Zero, rather than Eady. Lucid of his lack of free will, Zero admits, â€Å"I float in forces / I can’t always control† (17). In the effort to discover what these external forces are, he feels compelled to explore his origins that caused his inception in the mind of Susan Smith. The attempt is made to explain various hypothetical examples of potential interactions that led to his ultimate creation. He assumes that at a young age, Susan was told that that â€Å"All [blacks] do... ...t actually be dead. â€Å"And here is the one good thing: / If [Zero is] alive, then so, briefly, are [the children]† (7). This abandonment of reality did not necessarily happen or may have been transient, but Zero simply maintains its existence as a possibility. Though described as â€Å"dull in his invented hide† (28) by â€Å"Uncle Tom in Heaven,† Zero is actually quite complex in his desire to articulate his ideas about his brief life with Susan and his life eternal. His complexity is compounded further by his paradoxical nature, especially his simultaneous existence as a â€Å"real† man and as a fictional product of Susan Smith’s brutal imagination. As an eternal symbol of the oppressed and abused, he could be said to maintain a symbolic reality regarding the existence of external forces acting against the oppressed, stripping them of the extent of their free will.

People’s Attitude Towards Abortion in Australia

People’s attitude towards abortion in Australia Abstract: The hypothesis, â€Å"It is apparent that in Australia people are not supportive of abortion. † would be tested in the report. The aim of it was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background. A questionnaire about justified reasons, legalization and values on abortion was constructed and the target group would be 20 international students and 20 local Australians. The international students were mainly Chinese, and a few from South-East Asia. Though most participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, when there were further questions about Pro-choice behaviour and legalization of abortion, it was discovered that participants were actually in respect of freedom of choice, and agreed that abortion should be legalized. Therefore it could be said that comparing the 2 sides, participants were rather supportive to abortion. Based on the results, extended researches covering a larger target group which could mostly represent different cultural groups could be conducted to test whether abortion was really generally acceptable or not or could it be legalized under all cases. Introduction Abortion had been a controversial issue for hundreds of years, discussions and debates were always held to argue whether it should or should not be declared legal. This issue was crucial at all time because the attitude towards it were mainly influenced by various important values of life like morality, human rights and freedom of choice, adding that they were the key factors to determine whether it should be declared legal. â€Å"Abortion can be defined as the expulsion or removal of an embryo or foetus from the uterus of the pregnant mother† (Blade, 2008). It could be divided into two types. First, the â€Å"spontaneous abortion† occurs when the mother’s body ejects the foetus due to different reasons, usually natural ones (without human effort). This report focused on another type of abortion, â€Å"induced abortion†. This was what people usually mean when they use the word abortion. In other words, it was the â€Å"termination of pregnancy†. After the Federation in 1901, abortion was handled by the British Offences Against the Person Act of 1861. In the act, abortion was illegal , no matter under what circumstances. However, since then, abortion would be legal in some cases under the law. For instance, Natasha,(1998), suggested that under the McGuire ruling (1986) in Queensland, abortion could only be legalized when the mother was in threat that abortion could preserve her life or health. Another case that abortion could be legalized was that if the newborn baby would die immediately or within a short period. For the current legislation about it in Queensland under the Queensland Criminal Code, the viewpoint remained similar that the court would prohibit abortion unless the mothers life or health is in danger. Though, it did not reveal any response on the change of attitudes of people towards abortion. The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background(international students versus local Australians). It appeared that nowadays more and more people were supportive to abortion. This view would be supported by the results from survey and then a discussion part of it would be included and at last the conclusion and recommendation would be formulated. Methodology: Questionnaires about the attitudes of abortion of people were used to collect data for the report. A qualitative methodology was used. The reason for choosing it was because the report focused more on depth, rather than quantity. According to the Family Health International (2005), a qualitative research provided information about the â€Å"human† side of an issue, which was often contradictory. It could also interpret the complex reality or create a better understanding to a specific situation and the implications of the qualitative data. Another important point was that it could help identify intangible factors (age, gender, nationality, religion, etc) in the report. These factors were the keys that influence a person’s attitude toward the issue. The emphasis of the questionnaire was to understand participant’s standpoints for or against abortion, therefore 10 out of 14 questions were about their opinion, the rest were 3 attribute questions and 1 knowledge question. The total number of participants was 40. There were altogether 20 international students studying in Australia and 20 local Australians completed the questionnaire. Among the participants, 23 of them were female and 17 were male. In the student group, 2 of them were under or below 18 and 18 were at the age of 19 to 30. Among the local Australians, 6 of them were between 31-45 and another 14 were 45 or above. A point to note was that for the international students, 15 of them were Chinese. To make sure the information would be kept secret, no questions were about identity or other private information. The questionnaires were given out in two ways. The first way was to distribute them at school and at homes, and another way was to distribute them through the internet. Participants were quite interested to the questionnaire as they thought that it was a controversial issue. However in the process, participants found confused with the last open-ended question about the relationship between culture, age and abortion as it was not required to state reasons but lines were given. Moreover, due to a lack of time in completing the questionnaire, i. e. in 5 or 10 minutes, the data collected might be distorted. Results: The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out the attitudes of people in Australia towards abortion. Questions were divided into 3 main categories: justified reasons for abortion, legalization of abortion and viewpoints and value towards abortion. For the justified reasons for abortion, a total of 8 choices were given to participants and they could choose more than one answers, including: 1. psychological reasons e. g. resisting abrupt change of life 2. economic reasons e. g. financial burden of raising children 3. unwanted babies e. g. pregnant in mistake 4. caused by rapes 5. unready for responsibility 6. as problems with relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood 7. mother has health problems 8. has already all the children she wanted or all children are grown From the questionnaire, participants thought that the most justified reasons for abortion were â€Å"economic reasons† and â€Å"pregnancies caused by rapes†, both of them make 62. 5% of the total. The next would be â€Å"unready for responsibility† (35%), â€Å"unwanted babies† (32. 5%), à ¢â‚¬Å"mother has health problems† (30%), â€Å"problem for relationship or wants to avoid single parenthood† (22. 5%), â€Å"psychological reasons† (12. %) and the least justified reason would be â€Å"has already children she wanted or all children are grown† (10%). For another category, legalization of abortion, there was an open-ended question asking the participants about one pros and cons of abortion. For the pros, there were several main ideas. First, people thought that after legalization of abortion, risks could be reduced as people no longer find doctors with no license to abort. Secondly, it would a respect to freedom of choice of people. Thirdly, there would be fewer children grown up in an unstable environment. For the cons, people also got similar ideas, for instance, abortion was against the respect of life, i. e. killing innocent life. Also, people could be more irresponsible as they could abort legally. For the last category, viewpoints and values towards abortion, 6 questions were raised. Majorities believed that abortion was becoming common nowadays (25% strongly agree, 50% agree). For the question about whether the people’s views towards abortion was changing, bigger part of them agree with the statement (20%strongly agree, 40% agree) buy quite a number of people maintained neutral (32. %). For the question â€Å" it is inhuman and should be banned†, the 2 sides were almost balanced (5% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree versus 7. 5%strongly disagree and 37. 5% disagree), about 17. 5% people chose to be neutral. In the question of freedom of choice, it was quite one-sided that it should be highly respected (40% for both strongly agree or agree, adding up to 80%). Asking about if it was acceptable in all cases, disagreement (20% strongly disagree, 42. 5% disagree) was more than agreement (32. 5% agree). Though, quite a lot of people thought that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases (35% strongly agree, 32. 5% agree). For the last open-ended question about the relationship between age, culture and views towards abortion, the main ideas of the participants were that aged people, i. e. age group of 45 or above, would be more conservative and therefore have a negative view upon abortion. Moreover, they thought that people with different culture, particularly â€Å"westerners† in the Chinese’s eyes, would be more open and accept the idea of abortion. Discussion and conclusion: The aim of the report was to reveal the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, under the circumstances of different age and cultural background (international students versus local Australians). From the results, we could see that many participants did not have a really strong stance of supporting abortion or not, only a few do. For instance, about 70% of the participants agreed that they would have different views upon abortion in different cases. The most â€Å"justified† cases would be pregnancies by rapes and economic reasons (It was logical that according to Thomson Reuters (2009), an income group of US$39,100 – $65,800 would need a total of $170,460 a year to raise up a children form 0 to 17 year old). Yet, there were enough data to test the hypothesis. There were data supporting the hypothesis. From the results, participants who did not fully support abortion were mainly female or Chinese, whom thought that abortion was inhuman and should be banned. The number made up 32. 5% of the total participants. The reason behind was that female themselves would have real experiences in giving birth so they would have deeper thoughts than male. For Chinese participants, they were young but at the same time they were also deeply influenced by a traditional style of education. The curriculum focused on teaching people to have right values stated by the Confucius and other great figures. According to Vivien (2006), the vice president for education at the Asia Society, china should move away from the traditional forms of practices and adopt a broader curriculum to achieve the goal of becoming a real modern society. Despite there were data supporting the hypothesis, it was in a small proportion. We could find more data that was contrary to it. It also proved that people at older ages might not be conservative. Participants, mostly Australians (mostly aged 45 or above), were rather Pro-Choice. It was because of the trend of abortion. It was becoming more and more common. According to a table drawn by Wm Robert Johnson (2008), the abortion percentage rose from 15. 6% in 1984 to 21. 5% in 2006 in Australia. It might also be because of the cultural background. Comparing to country like China, westernized countries emphasized more on freedom of people. From the results, there were 32. 5% of the total participants who thought abortion was acceptable at all cases. Most importantly, over 80% of them agreed that people should respect the mother’s decision. The data was supported by a report by Monash University (2002). It included a survey on AES voters and candidates (about 2000 people are surveyed a year) about their attitudes towards abortion, from 1987 to 2001. The percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å" Woman should be able to obtain an abortion readily when they want one† rose from 38% to 59% from 1987 to 2001. On the other hand, the percentage of people choosing the criteria â€Å"abortion should not be allowed under any circumstances† dropped from 6% to 3% in that period. Another evidence was that when participants were asked about whether abortion should be legalized, 65% of them thought that it should be legalized. From the above, we could understand the current views of people in Australia towards abortion, at different ages and cultural background. Though people did not have a strong stance of supporting abortion or not, we could find more evidence showing that people were actually more Pro-Choice than Pro-Life, in other words they would be more supportive to abortion, especially in recent years where abortion was more commonly found. Recommendations: Concerning the implications of the report findings, it was quite obvious that more people in Australia were actually supportive to abortion, based on their Pro-Choice attitude and the agreement of legalizing abortion. The scale and the target groups of the report were small that might distort the real opinion throughout the country. However, based on the report findings, extended researches could be done in examining whether abortion was generally acceptable or not and the possibility to further legalize abortion, as participants of the questionnaire could already clearly state some pros and cons of legalizing abortion. The research should cover a larger target group as Australia was rather multi-cultural. People in different culture could have their views in according to the religion, which was also important in this issue and not discussed in this report. To conclude, though the report did not represent most age and cultural groups in Australia, it could be the basis of further research in testing whether legalizing abortion was possible. References: Blade 2001, â€Å"Should abortion be legalized in Queensland, Australia? †, Available at http://www. bladesplace. id. au/abortion-law-queensland. html C. Natasha 1998, â€Å"Abortion law in Australia†, Law and Bills Digest Group Family Health International 2005, â€Å"Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide†, p. 1-2 â€Å"People and Place† 2004, Monash University, vol 12, no. 4 , p. 25 S. Vivien, E. Owens 2006, â€Å"Education Abroad: The China Syndrome†, Edutopia magazine Thomson Reuters 2009, â€Å"The cost of raising children†, available at: http://moneycentral. msn. com/articles/family/kids/tlkidscost. asp Wm. Robert Johnson 2008, â€Å"Historical abortion statistics† available at: http://www. johnstonsarchive. net/policy/abortion/australia/ab-aust-qld. html

Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay - 1412 Words

Beloved analyzes the materialistic, emotional, and spiritual devastation constructed by slavery, a havoc that continues to taunt many; even those who were set â€Å"free†. This negative impact that slavery has left on former slaves stripped them of their sense of self and identity, marking them for the rest of their lives. The novel Beloved by Toni Morrison explores multiple examples, of self-isolation and the haunting of one s past. To further elaborate such examples, the story of Margaret Garner, told by Cynthia Griffin Wolff, in Margaret Garner : A Cincinnati Story is used to help understand the context of the novel. Slavery having stolen the identity of millions, annihilating their sense of self and all their basic human qualities, is†¦show more content†¦When reading something as brutal, as this your reactions are mixed. Such an act is considered inhumane, however, let s look at things from Sethe’s point of view. To her motherhood, was a devotion to your children, having to protect them from the outside world, at any cause. She believed it to be intermediate, raw and action based. Having gone through what she did as a slave, she wanted no such thing for her kids. They escaped and were free, there was no way she was going to have them returned, knowing what was to become of them. There was even a point in time where she was explaining her actions to Paul D., however, he could not understand such action and say that there was a another way, what he failed to understand was to her this was the only way. Her actions were justified based on the fact that she did it to protect them. She would rather have them dead and returned to God, then face unjustly, and a cruel fate. Sethe came to this conclusion and appears to be certain of it. She feels no regret yet instead she feels a bit like a â€Å"hero†. This is obviously something that will be stuck with her for as long as she’ll live, but she rather her own suffering, than the suffering of her children. Unlike, many of those who believe that Sethe made the wrong decisions in the murder of one of her daughters and failed attempt of her other kids, Margaret Garner, however, couldn’t have agreed more.Show MoreRelated Character of Beloved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essays2510 Words   |  11 PagesThe Character of Beloved in Toni Morrisons Beloved Perhaps one of the most important issues in Toni Morrisons award-winning novel Beloved is Morrisons intentional diversity of possible interpretations. However the text is looked at and analyzed, it is the variety of these multiple meanings that confounds any simple interpretation and gives the novel the complexity. 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